Genetic strategies to reduce enteric methane emission from ruminants
Keywords:
Anthropogenic, Genomic selection, Greenhouse gas, Heritable, MethaneAbstract
Measuring and controlling methane emissions from cattle is becoming extremely important for the environment and policymakers. Although ruminants have the advantage of being able to eat forages and graze on land that is not appropriate for arable cropping apart from this, they also produce methane which is a potent Greenhouse gas (GHG), 2% to 12% of the gross energy consumed is converted to enteric CH4 during ruminal digestion, which produces around 6% of worldwide anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, ruminant producers must identify cost-effective solutions to minimize emissions while still fulfilling customer demand. Traditional strategies for reducing ruminant methane output have been successful, but only to a limited and frequently transient extent. When assessed in respiration chambers, individual animal emissions are somewhat heritable and repeatable across diets. To date, few of the suggested strategies have been implemented because the methane emissions currently have no direct or indirect economic value for farmers, with no financial incentive to change practices and secondly most strategies have limited, or no long-term effects. Potentially, the most sustainable way of reducing enteric CH4 emission from ruminants is through the estimation of genomic breeding values to facilitate genetic selection and there is a lot of potential in using genetics to reduce CH4 emissions from ruminants as the alterations made using genetics are permanent, cumulative, and far-reaching. New technologies, including genomic selection, microbiome-based breeding strategies, metagenomic investigations, and genetic selection of animals may be a sustainable way to reduce ruminant intestinal emissions. These advanced genetic technologies also have the potential to give considerable long-term economic benefits and can also be used in grazing animals.
Keywords: Anthropogenic, Genomic selection, Greenhouse gas, Heritable, Methane.
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