Genetic Diversity Studies Using Microsatellite Markers and Their Contribution in Supporting Sustainable Cattle Breeding Programs: A Review

U. Vinod; B. Punya Kumari; G. Bharathi

doi:10.5455/ijlr.20201023032256

Authors

U. Vinod Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, INDIA
B. Punya Kumari Livestock Research Station, Palamaner, Chittoor, INDIA
G. Bharathi Livestock Research Station, Palamaner, Chittoor, INDIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20201023032256%20%20%20%20%20

Keywords:

Heterozygosity, Molecular Markers, Microsatellites and Polymorphic Information Content

Abstract

In genetic characterization studies microsatellite markers have become the most frequently used markers among all other markers. Three different groups described microsatellites at the same time as special type of VNTR’s consisting of tandemly repeated sequences with many di-to hexa nucleotides. Microsatellite markers distributed evenly over the genome. Microsatellite DNA markers are the most helpful tools for genetic diversity studies owing to their high variability and abundance throughout the genome. The various parameters developed so far to measure genetic diversity within and among populations are effective number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosities, F- statistics, polymorphic information content, test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and genetic distance and phylogenetic or tree building approach. The objective of this review is to quantify the genetic diversity studies of cattle populations using microsatellite markers and their contribution in supporting sustainable cattle breeding programs.

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