Review on Hydatidosis and Its Public Health and Economic Significance

Abstract

Hydatid disease is a Zoonotic parasitic infestation by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus.It is a bladder-like cyst formed in various organs and tissues following the growth of the oncospheres of an Echninoccus tape worm in that specific organ or tissue. It is characterized by the formation of variably sized cysts in the visceral organs of the intermediate hosts and adult tapeworm in the intestine of dogs. The distribution of E. granulosus is higher in developing countries, especially in rural communities where there is close contact between the dog, the definitive host, and various domestic animals, which may act as intermediate hosts. Echinococcosis is associated with severe morbidity and disability and is one of the world’s most geographically widespread zoonotic diseases. Hydatid disease results in loss of millions of money in terms of public health each year and lowered productivity of infected animals. The epidemiology and control of hydatidosis is often considered to be a veterinary matter since the disease can be regulated by controlling parasites in animals. The life cycle is complex, involving two hosts and a free-living egg stage. This disease causes a significant economic loss directly by causing organ or carcass condemnation and indirectly by affecting human and animal health which increase the cost for diagnosis, treatment and control of the disease. The objective of the paper is to review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, control and prevention of hydatidosis and its public health and economic impact. Public awareness creation about the transmission and control of the disease and its public health significance and collaboration between veterinarians and public health workers in the prevention and control of the disease is mandatory.