International Journal of Livestock Research (IJLR) is published online monthly. IJLR promotes the sound development of the livestock sector by publishing original, peer-reviewed research and review articles covering all aspects of this broad field. The journal welcomes submissions on the avant-garde areas of genetic resources, tropical livestock farming, welfare, ethics and behavior, in addition to those on genetics, breeding, growth, reproduction, nutrition, management, health, production, systems, and so on. The high-quality content of this journal reflects the truly international nature of this broad area of research.