Fundus Imaging With Smartphone in Pet and Farm Animals

Abstract

The present study was carried out to study the ocular fundus of pet and farm animals with a smartphone and a 20D Volk digital clear field lens mounted on self-made adaptor. It was found through the present study that the most common colour of tapetum and non-tapetum in dogs was green-blue and Black, respectively. In majority of dogs, the optic disc was White, triangular and located in non-tapetum. Yellow tapetum and Black non-tapetum were found in majority of cats. Their optic discGrey was , circular and located in tapetum. The common colour of tapetum and non-tapetum in white cattle was Yellow and Grey, respectively, while that of Buffaloes was Dark-Lavander blue and Grey respectively. All the large ruminants exhibited oval optic disc located at the junction of tapetum and non-tapetum. The common colour of optic disc was Black and Light red in white cattle and buffaloes, respectively. Greenish-blue tapetum, Reddish-grey non-tapetum, and Light red, Bean shaped optic disc present at junction of tapetum and non-tapetum were found in most of the sheep examined. Yellow-blue-green tapetum, Blue non-tapetum, and Bright red coloured Oval optic disc located in tapetum were found in majority of goat. Regarding retinal vasculature, the present study revealed that veins are lower in number and darker than arteries in all the animals.