Maize Silage effect on Feedlot Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Ethiopian Cattle

Authors

  • Ayano Abera SARI, Ethiopia
  • Yesihak Yusuf Mummed School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
  • Ewonetu Kebede School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
  • Meseret Girma School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20220222021013

Keywords:

Body weight gain, Carcass traits, Harar cattle, Maize silage, Meat quality

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at Haramaya University Beef fattening station, to evaluate the effect of maize silage inclusion at different levels on feed intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Sixteen castrated Harar oxen of average age 6 years with the initial body weight of 229±1.18 kg (mean+SE) were used for the experiment. The animals were randomly distributed to four treatments each with four replications in a completely randomized design and the trial lasted for 90 days. The dietary treatments contained the native hay as basal diet and maize silage inclusion at a proportion of 0, 33, 67, and 100% for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The animals were watered and supplemented with a concentrate ration at 1.25% of their body weight twice a day. Daily dry matter intake of the ox was significantly higher (P<0.01) for T4 (8.05kg/day). Higher (P<0.001) total nutrients intake other than acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash were recorded in the T4. The daily body gain was higher (P<0.01) for T1 (1.09 kg) than all. The dressing percentage on a slaughter basis was higher (P<0.001) for T1 (55.40%) than other treatments. The quality of beef based on Warner-Bratzler Shear Force test results, T1 and T4, T2, and T3 were categorized as tough, tender, and intermediate, respectively. Water holding capacity was significantly good (P<0.05) for T2 and T3 as compared to T1 and T4, however, no change in the pHu. Therefore, it could be concluded that the inclusion of maize silage up to 33% could be confirmed for better performance, feed conversion efficiency, carcass and meat quality parameters in the feeding of fattening oxen.

References

Adugna Tolera. 2007. Feed resources for producing export quality meat and livestock in Ethiopia. SPS-LMM (Ethiopia Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards and Livestock and Meat Marketing Program). Hawassa, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia.

AFIA (Australian Fodder Industry Association).ud. Silage and health. https://www.afia.org. au/index.php/resources/silage-fact-sheets/silage-health/136 silage-health.

Ameha Sebsibe. 2008. Sheep and goat meat characteristics and quality. Sheep and Goat Production Handbook for Ethiopia. Ethiopian Sheep and Goats Productivity Improvement Program (ESGPIP), pp 323-328. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

AMSA (American Meat Science Association). 2016. Research Guidelines for Cookery, Sensory Evaluation, and Instrumental Tenderness Measurements of Meat. 2nd Edition.Version 1.02.AMSA, Champaign, Illinois, USA.

AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. Animal feeds, 17th Edition International, Washington DC, USA.

Asnakew Awoke. 2005. Feedlot fattening performance and carcass characteristics of intact male Hararghe highland goats fed different levels of hay to concentrate ratios. MSc Thesis, Alemaya University, Alemaya, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia.

Atwood, S. B., Provenza, F.D., Wiedmeier, R.D. and Banner, R.E. 2001. Influence of free-choice vs mixed-ration diets on food intake and performance of fattening calves. Journal of Animal Science, 79: 3034- 3040.

Berger, L. L. and K. K. Bolsen. 2006. Sealing strategies for bunker silos and drive-over piles. Online.http://www.oznet.k-state.edu/pr silage/publications/NRAES% Berger%20%20 and Bolsen%20 Sealing%20Strategies%204 14-06.pdf.

Birhanu, Addis Fikrie, Mummed, Yesihak Yusuf, Kurtu, Mohammed Yusuf, O’Quinn, Travis andJiru, YosefTaddesa. 2019. Level of Pre-slaughter stress and quality of beef from Arsi, Boran and Harar cattle breeds in Ethiopia. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 5:1, 1694233.

Browne, E.M., Bryant, M.J., Beever, D.E. and Thorp, C.L. 1998. Effect of forage maize harvested at different stages of maturity on feed intake and performance by growing beef cattle. British Society of Animal Science.In Proceeding 114th Annual Meeting pp 148. Southport, UK.

Calkins, C. R., and Sullivan, G. 2006.Ranking of beef muscles for tenderness. Retrieved from https://www.agrireseau.net.

Cannata, S., Engle, T.E., and Moeller, S.J. 2010. Effect of visual marbling on sensory properties and quality traits of pork loin.Meat Science, 85:428–34.

Cheeke, P.R. 2005. Applied Animal Nutrition: Feeds and Feeding, 3rd edition. Oregon State University: Pearson prentice Hall, Oregon, USA.

Cottle, D.J. and Pitchford, W.S. 2014.Production Efficiency.Chapter 18 in Beef Cattle Production and Trade, Ed Lewis Kahn.Csiro Publishing, pp 439-440.

CSA (Central Statistical Agency).2015. Agriculture sample survey 2014/2015 (September -January 2014/2015), Volume VII. Report on crop and livestock product utilization (Private peasant holdings, Meher Season). CSA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Dagne, T., Yusuf, Y., Yusuf, M., Urge, M., Quine, T.O. and Vipham, J.L. 2019. Effect of Age and Breeds of Cattle on Carcass and Meat Characteristics of Arsi, Boran, and Harar Cattle in Ethiopia.Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 9: 367-383.

Daszkiewicz, T., Bąk, T. and Denaburski, J. 2005.Quality of pork with a different intramuscular fat (IMF) content.Polland Journal of Food Nutrition Science, 14(55):31–36.

De Oliveira, I.L., Lima, L.M., Casagrande, D.R., Lara, M.A. S. and Bernardes, T.F. 2017. Nutritive value of corn silage from intensive dairy farms in Brazil.Brazilian Journal of Animal Science, 46(6):494-501.

Catikkas, E. and Koc, A. 2017. Fattening Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Beef Quality of Holstein–Friesian, Brown–Swiss and Simmental Bulls.AdüZiraatDerg, 14 (1):59-64.

Erickson, G.E. 2001. Designing beef feedlot nutrition programs to solve environmental challenges related to nitrogen and phosphorus. PhD Dissertation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA.

Erickson, G.E. 2013.Feeding Elevated Levels of Corn Silage in Finishing Diets Containing MDGS.pp. 68-75. In: Dirk B. Burken, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Terry J. Klopfenstein, and Galen E. Erickson (eds), Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. Lincoln, USA.

Erickson, G.E. 2017. Take another look at silage for finishing cattle. Issue of Hay and Forage Grower. pp 12.

Kebede, Ewonetu and Getachew, Ashenafi. 2019. Carcass characteristics of draught cattle released for beef in Eastern Ethiopia. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 23 (1):1-11.

Ewonetu Kebede and Feyisa Hundessa. 2019. Effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage as a basal diet on milk yield and composition of dairy cows. Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology, 12(2): 155-166.

Fazaeli, H., Gomohhammadi, H.A., Al-Moddarres, A., Mosharraf, S. and Shoaei, A.A.. 2006. Comparing the Performance of Sorghum Silage with Maize Silage in Feedlot Calves. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(13):2450-2455.

Gadisa Birmaduma, Yusuf Yesihak and Yousuf Mohammed. 2019. Evaluation of Eating Quality in Sensory Panelist and Instrumental Tenderness of Beef from Harar, Arsi and Bale Cattle Breeds in Oromia, Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology 5(1): 035-042. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17352/2455-815X.000039.

Gerlach, K., Ross, F., Weib, K., Büscher, W. and Südekum, K.H. 2018. Changes in maize silage fermentation products during aerobic deterioration and effects on dry matter intake by goats.Agricultural and Food Science, 22:168– 181.

Honikel, O. K. 1987. Water binding capacity of meat.Fleischwirtschaft, 67: 418–428.

HU (Haramaya University). 2019. About University. Retrieved April 23, 2019, from http://www.haramaya.edu.et/about/.

Huff-Lonergan, E. and Lonergan, S.M. 2005. Mechanisms of waterholding capacity of meat: the role of postmortem biochemical and structural changes. Meat Science, 71(1): 194–204.

Immonen, K., Ruusunen, M., Hissa, K. and Puolanne, E. 2000.Bovine muscle glycogen concentration in relation to finishing diet, slaughter and ultimate pH.Meat Science, 55: 25-31.

Jama, N., Muchenje, V., Chimonyo, M., Strydom, P. E., Dzama, K.andRaats, J. G. 2008. Cooking loss components of beef from Nguni,Bonsmara and Angus oxen.African Journal of Agricultural Research, 3 (6):416-420.

Jeremiah, L.E and Gibson, L.L. 2003. The effect of dietary poultry litter supplementation on beef chemical, cooking, and palatability properties and consumer acceptance. Food Research International, 36: 943–948.

Juliana, G.J., Castan, E., Dal Pai, M., Arrigoni, M.D.B., Rodrigues, S., and De Oliveira, H.N. 2013. Expression of genes related to quality of Longissimus dorsi muscle meat in Nellore (Bosindicus) and Canchim (5/ 8 Bostaurus × 3/8 Bosindicus) cattle. Meat Science, 94:247–252.

Juniper, D.T., Browne, E.M., Fisher, A.V., Bryant, M.J., Nute, G.R. and Beever, D.E. 2005. Intake, growth and meat quality of oxen given diets based on varying proportions of maize silage and grass silage. Animal Science. 81:159-170.

Kaps, M. and Lamberson, W.R. 2004.Biostatistics for Animal Science.CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire, England.

Kassahun Ahmed. 2018. Assessment of Cattle Fattening Practices in Dessie and Kombolcha Urban and Peri-Urban Areas of Ethiopia, and Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Fattening Performance of Wollo Oxen. PhD Dissertation, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.

Kauffman, R.G., Van Laack, R.L., Russell, R.L., Pospiech, E., Cornelius, C.A., Suckow, C.E., Greaser, M.L. 1998. Can pale, soft, exudative pork be prevented by postmortem sodium bicarbonate injection? Journal of Animal Science, 76: 3010–3015.

Keady, J.W.T., Lively, O.F., Kilpatrick J.D. and Moss, W.B. 2007. Effects of replacing grass silage with either maize or whole-crop wheat silages on the performance and meat quality of beef cattle offered two levels of concentrates. Animal Consortium, 1: 613–623.

Khaing, K.T., Loh1, T.C., Ghizan, S., Halim, R.A. and Samsudin A.A. 2015. Feed intake, growth performance and digestibility in goats fed whole corn plant silage and Napier grass.Malassian Journal Animal Science, 18(1): 87-98.

Lawrie, R.A. 2017. M eat Science. 8thedn.Wood head Publishing Ltd, London, England.

McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D. Morgan, C.A., Sinclair, L.A. and Wilkinson, R.G. 2010.Animal Nutrition,7thedition.Pearson Prentice Hall, London, England.

Mekasha Yoseph, Urge Mengistu, Yusuf Mohammed Kurtu and BayissaMerga. 2011.Effect of strategic supplementation with different proportion of agro-industrialbyproducts and grass hay on body weight change and carcass characteristics oftropical Ogaden bulls (Bosindicus) grazing native pasture. African Journal ofAgricultural Research, 6(4): 825-833.

Mengistu Alemayehu, ZewdieWondatir, Yohannes Gojjam and Kassahun W/Gebriel. 2013. Evaluation of Friesian crosses Boran crossbred and Ethiopian Highland Zebu oxen with a reciprocal workeffect on carcass characteristics. International Jornal of Agricultural Science, 6: 1016-1020.

Mohammed, H. A., Salih, A.B., Abdelrahman, M. M. and AbdElnasir, M. A. F. 2015.Carcass Yield and Characteristics of Sudan Baggara Zebu Bulls Finished on Urea-Treated Sugar-Cane Bagasse. International Journal of Animal.Biology, 1, 11-16.

MSU (Mississippi State University). 2013. Estimating Cattle Age Using Dentition. Mississippi State University Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington,D.C

Müller, L. 1987. Normasparaavaliação de carcaças e concurso de carcaças de novilhos. Santa Maria. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Italy.

Mulu Moges. 2005. Effects of feeding different levels of breweries dried grain on live weight gain and carcass characteristics of Wogera sheep fed on hay basal diet. MSc Thesis Alemaya University, Alemaya, Ethiopia.

Mummed, Y.Y. and Webb, E. C. 2019. Carcass Weight, Meat Yield and Meat Cuts From Arado, Boran, Barka, Raya Cattle Breeds in Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Science; 11(18):45-51. Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education.

Mummed Yesihak Yusuf and Edward, C. W. 2014.Ethiopian beef carcass characteristics.African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(51):3766-3775.

NRC (National Research Council). 2000. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 7th Edition. E-974. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.USA.

Payne, W. J. A. and Wilson, R. T. 1999.An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics,5th edition.Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, England.

Pesonen, M., Honkavaara, M. and Huuskonen, A. 2012. Effect of breed on production, carcass traits and meat quality of Aberdeen Angus, Limousin and Aberdeen Angus x Limousin bulls offered a grass silage grain-based diet. Agricultural and Food Science, 21:361-369.

Roth, G.W. and Heinrich, A.J. 2001.Corn silage production and management.Penn State Extension, Agronomy Facts, 18.

SAS (Statistical Analysis System). 2008. User’s Guide: version 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc. Cary, North Carolina, USA.

Shackelford, S. D., Wheeler, T. L., and Koohmaraie, M. 1999. Tenderness Classification of Beef: II. Design and Analysis of a System to Measure Beef Longissimus Shear Force Under Commercial Processing Conditions. Journal of Animal Science. 77:1474-1481.

Shackelford, S.D., Morgan, J.B., Cross, H.R. and Savell, J.W. 1991. Identification of threshold levels for Warner-Bratzler shear force in beef top loin steaks. Journal of Muscle Foods, 2:289-296.

Tabacco, E., Righi, F., Quarantelli, A. and Borreani G. 2011.Dry matter and nutritional losses during aerobic deterioration of corn and sorghum silages as influenced by different lactic acid bacteria inocula.Journal of Dairy Science, 94:1409–1419.

Tatum, J. D. 2006. Pre-harvest cattle management practices for enhancing beef tenderness. National Cattlemen's Beef Association, Centennial, Colorado.

Tripathi, H.P., Singh A.P., Upadhyay, V.S., Kessels H.P.P., Harika, A.S., Sahab, S. and Ibrahim, M.N.M. 2000. Forage Conservation, Storage And Feeding.In: Kiran Singh and J.B. Schiere (eds.), Handbook for Straw Feeding Systems.ICAR, New Delhi, India.

Tsegay Teklebrhan Gebremariam. 2019.Feedlot performance and carcass yield of Hararghe Highland (Bosindicus) bulls using different concentrate feeds.ActaScientiarum Animal Sciences, 41.

Tufan, T., Arslan C., Önk, K., Sari, M., and Tilki, M. 2016. Effects of Feeding By Hay, Grass Silage and Corn Silage on Growth Performance, Rumen Fluid and Blood Serum Parameters in Beef Cattle.Review on Medicine of Veterinary,167(4): 99-105.

Van Soest, P.J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant, 2nd edition.Cornell University Press, London, England.

Warner, R. D., Kauffman, R. G. and Greaser, M. L. 1997. Muscle protein changes postmortem in relation to pork quality traits. Meat Science, 45(3): 339–352.

Warriss, P.D. 2000. Meat Science -An Introductory Text.CABI Publishing, U.K.

Wilborn, B. S., Kerth, C. R., Owsley, W. F., Jones, W. R. and Frobish, L. T. 2004.Improving pork quality by feeding super nutritional concentrations of vitamin D3. Journal of Animal Science, 82(1): 218-224.

Wood, J.D. and Richardson, R.I. 2004. Factors affecting flavour in beef. A literature review, with recommendations for the British beef industry on how flavour can be controlled Division of Farm Animal Science University of Bristol. Langford, Bristol,USA.

Yohannes Dagnew. 2011. Feeding value of Prosopis juliflora pod’s as a substitute for Wheat bran in fattening ration of cattle. MSc Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.

Downloads

Published

31-03-2022

How to Cite

Abera, A., Mummed, Y. Y. ., Kebede, E. ., & Girma, M. . (2022). Maize Silage effect on Feedlot Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Ethiopian Cattle. International Journal of Livestock Research, 12(3), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20220222021013

Similar Articles

<< < 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.