Comparative Genotypic Analysis of Beta Casein Gene in Gir, Holstein Friesian, Jersey, and HF x Sahiwal by PCR-RFLP Method

Vijay Odedara; Mansi Dadhania; Shailja Vyas; Jenabhai Chauhan

Authors

Vijay Odedara M. Sc Applied Genetics 4th sem, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study &Research in Biotechnology and Allied Science (ARIBAS), The Charutar Vidya Mandal University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat-388120, INDIA https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6216-0954
Mansi Dadhania Research Scholar, P.G. Department of Genetics, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of IntegratedStudy &Research in Biotechnology and Allied Science (ARIBAS), The Charutar VidyaMandal University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat- 388120 INDIA https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8355-0111
Shailja Vyas Research Scholar, P.G. Department of Genetics, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study &Research in Biotechnology and Allied Science (ARIBAS), The Charutar VidyaMandal University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat- 388120 INDIA https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0662-3514
Jenabhai Chauhan Associate Professor &Head, P.G. Department of Genetics, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study &Research in Biotechnology and Allied Science (ARIBAS), The Charutar Vidya Mandal University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat-388120 INDIA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-2489

Keywords:

A1A2, Beta-casein, Crossbreed, Exotic Cattle, Indigenous Cattle, PCR-RFLP

Abstract

The present study was undertaken with the aim of comparative genotypic analysis of the Beta Casein gene in zebu, exotic, and crossbred cattle. Caseins account for almost 80 % of milk proteins, and Beta Casein alone contributes to 45 % of it. Beta casein has 13 different variants, but the A1 and A2 variants are the most common. A1 Beta Casein is a significant risk factor in several human diseases like coronary heart disease, autism, and Type 1 diabetes. So in the present study, for comparative analysis total of 102 blood and semen samples were collected, which included 51 blood samples and 51 semen samples. From each cattle, both blood and semen samples were collected. Here total of 28 samples from Gir, 28 samples from HF, 26 samples from Jersey, and 20 samples from HF X Sahiwal cattle were collected. Extraction of Genomic DNA was done by the standard phenol-chloroform method. The genotyping of the Beta Casein gene was done by the PCR-RFLP method. All the breeds screened for polymorphism in beta casein gene showed three different genotypes – Homozygous A1A1 genotype, Heterozygous A1A2 genotype and Homozygous A2A2 genotype with respective frequencies 0 %, 7.14% and 92.86% in Gir cattle; 7.14%, 50% and 42.86% in HF cattle; 7.69%, 30.77 and 61.54% in Jersey cattle and 20%, 30% and 50% in HFCB cattle. The highest frequencies of the A2 allele were observed in the Gir breed (0.97). In opposite, in crossbreed (0.35) highest frequencies of the A1 allele were observed.