Phytochemical Analyses and In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of Azadirachta indica Leaf Ethanol and Aqueous Crude Extracts on Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains from Farmed Clarias gariepinus

Abstract

Azadirachta indica is endowed with several phytocompounds that are responsible for its role in health management. This study evaluated phytochemical analyses and the antibacterial effects of Azadirachta indica leaf ethanol and aqueous extracts on Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from farmed Clarias gariepinus. The crude extracts were produced based on standard methods. In-vitro antibacterial effects and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol and aqueous crude extracts of Azadirachta indica leaf against Klebsiella penumoniae were examined using the agar disc diffusion method and broth dilution assay. The phytochemicals present in A. indica aqueous and ethanol extracts were: flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and others. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the ethanol and aqueous extracts against the K. pneumoniae strains were found to be 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The crude ethanol and aqueous extracts demonstrated in-vitro antibacterial effects against Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from farmed Clarias gariepinus.