Unveiling Host Defense Networks: Identifying Intervention Targets and Translating Research for Worm Management

Prince Kyere Dwaah; Francisca Serwaa Oppong

Authors

Prince Kyere Dwaah Disease Investigation Farm/Regional Veterinary Laboratory-Techiman Bono East
Francisca Serwaa Oppong Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skill Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Department of Public Health Education

Keywords:

drug resistance, environmental factors, Worm resistance, host-parasite interactions, Immunology

Abstract

Worm infections pose significant threats to human health, animal welfare, and agricultural productivity worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms underlying host resistance to worm infections is crucial for the development of effective control strategies. This research article provides an overview of the current knowledge on the mechanisms of worm resistance, drawing insights from immunology, genetics, and other relevant disciplines. We discuss the role of the host immune system in recognizing and eliminating worm infections, the genetic factors influencing host susceptibility, and the interplay between environmental factors and host-parasite interactions. Additionally, we explore emerging research areas such as vaccine development, nutritional interventions, and the impact of drug resistance on worm control efforts. By synthesizing findings from diverse fields of study, this article aims to contribute to the advancement of our understanding of worm resistance mechanisms and inform future research directions.

Author Biography

Francisca Serwaa Oppong, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skill Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Department of Public Health Education

Department of Public Health Education

References

Ameen, S. A., Adedeji, O. S., Ojedapo, L. O., Salihu, T., & Fabusuyi, C. O. (2010). Anthelmintic potency of pawpaw (carica papaya) seeds in West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. Global Veterinaria, 5(1), 30–34.

Amin, A. S. M. Al. (2021). Helminthiasis. July.

Asunción, G., Ocampos, M., Torres, M., Alvarenga, N., & Pereira, C. (2022). Ethnobotanical and ethnoveterinary survey in Paraguay : Medicinal plants used for deworming. 21(April), 254–262.

Bharti, B., Bharti, S., & Khurana, S. (2018). Worm Infestation: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 85(11), 1017–1024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-017-2505-z

Biomedicine, T. (2015). Anthelmintic properties of extracts from Artemisia plants. 32(2), 257–268.

Bote, K., Nadal, D., & Abela, B. (2023). WHO ’ s latest rabies recommendations and guidance save lives and reduce the cost of treatment. 4–8. https://doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2022.46

Charlier, J., De Waele, V., Ducheyne, E., Van Der Voort, M., Vande Velde, F., & Claerebout, E. (2016). Decision making on helminths in cattle: Diagnostics, economics and human behaviour. Irish Veterinary Journal, 69(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-016-0073-6

Collins, D. S. (2007). Pig production. Veterinary Record, 160(13), 448–448. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.13.448-a

Daagema, A. A., Orafa, P. N., & Igbua, F. Z. (2020). Nutritional Potentials and Uses of Pawpaw (Carica papaya): A Review. European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, April, 52–66. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2020/v12i330209

Devagappanavar, G. (2023). Worm Infestation. Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5, 162–172. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nramms/v5/5397a

Gitao, C. G., Mbindyo, C., Omani, R., & Chemweno, V. (2017). Review of Sheep Pox Disease in Sheep. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research, 4(1), 1–5.

Iredell, J. (2019). Antimicrobial resistance. Microbiology Australia, 40(2), 55–56. https://doi.org/10.1071/MA19016

Kassahun, C., Adem, A., Zemene, M., & Getaneh, G. (2016). Identification of Commonly Used Anthelmintic Drugs and Evaluation of their Utilization in University of Gondar Veterinary Clinic. Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology, 07(06). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000381

Knobler, S., Lemon, S., Najafi, M., & Burroughs, T. (2003). A Public Health Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK97125

Millar, J., Bendita, J., & Pinto, R. M. (2020). Smallholder Pig Production. August.

MOH. (2017). Republic of Ghana Policy on Antimicrobial Use and Resistance 1 st Edition , 2017. www.mohghana.gov.gh

Ndihokubwayo, J. B., Yahaya, A. A., Desta, A. T., Ki-Zerbo, G., Odei, E. A., Keita, B., Pana, A. P., & Nkhoma, W. (2013). Antimicrobial Resistance in the African Region: Issues, Challenges and Actions Proposed. WHO Office for African, 16(16), 27–30. http://www.who.int/bulletin/

Of, M., Biological, T. H. E., & Commission, S. (2023). Chapter 3.8.12. 6. September, 1–12.

Pareek, A., Pant, M., Gupta, M. M., Kashania, P., Ratan, Y., Jain, V., Pareek, A., & Chuturgoon, A. A. (2023). Moringa oleifera: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Its Pharmacological Activities, Ethnomedicinal, Phytopharmaceutical Formulation, Clinical, Phytochemical, and Toxicological Aspects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032098

Pedersen, L. J. (2018). Overview of commercial pig production systems and their main welfare challenges. In Advances in Pig Welfare (Issue January). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101012-9.00001-0

Profile, S. E. E. (2019). Biological control of gastrointestinal helminthes of livestock. September.

Radwan, M., Darweesh, K. F., Ghanem, S. F., Abdelhadi, Y., Kareem, Z. H., Christianus, A., Karim, M., Waheed, R. M., & El-Sharkawy, M. A. (2023). Regulatory roles of Pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed extract on growth performance, sexual maturity, and health status with resistance against bacteria and parasites in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture International, 31(5), 2475–2493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01094-8

Riaz, M., Aslam, N., Zainab, R., Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Rasool, G., Ullah, M. I., Daniyal, M., & Akram, M. (2020). Prevalence, risk factors, challenges, and the currently available diagnostic tools for the determination of helminths infections in human. European Journal of Inflammation, 18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2058739220959915

Saeed, Z. (2023). Evaluation of anthelmintic , hematological , and serum biochemical effects of herbal dewormer on the cattle. February. https://doi.org/10.26873/SVR-1624-2022

States, U., & Nations, U. (2022). Antimicrobial Resistance ( AMR ) Antimicrobial Resistance ( AMR ) ASM supports the One Health approach to addressing AMR US Government.

Weatherhead, J. E., & Hotez, P. J. (2015). Worm infections in children. Pediatrics in Review, 36(8), 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.36-8-341

Workers, A. H. (n.d.). Animal Health & Production Volume : I Organized By : Directorate of Extension Education ,.

World Health, O. (2013). WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies. Second report. World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 982, 1–139, back cover. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24069724

World Health Organization. (2021). Antimicrobial Resistance and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework. World Health Organization (WHO) Report, 1–24.