Kisspeptin: A Novel Regulator in Reproductive Physiology

Abstract

Kisspeptin (a product of the Kiss1gene) and its receptor (GPR54 or Kiss1r) have emerged as key players in regulation of reproduction. Ever since the discovery of kisspeptin, intensive studies on hypothalamic expression of KISS1/Kiss1 and on physiological roles of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons have provided clues as to neuroendocrine control of GnRH neurons by orchestrates the sequences that take place during oestrous cycle, onset of puberty, and control of fertility by upstream of GnRH and have been shown to play a vital role in the control of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis via regulation of gonadotrophin secretion.. Additionally, emerging evidence indicates the potential involvement of extra-hypothalamic kisspeptin in reproductive functions. Kisspeptin signaling may also serve diverse functions outside of the classical realm of reproductive neuroendocrinology, including the regulation of metastasis in certain cancers, vascular dynamics, placental physiology, and perhaps even higher order brain function. Hence, kisspeptins have potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.