The characteristics of rural Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) breeding system in the sub-prefecture of Bakctchoro were determined by survey among 62 breeders from 22nd August to 2nd September 2016 in 4 cantons and 174 villages. The survey was done in 10% random choice of the breeding Guinea fowl villages. In each village, 30% of Guinea fowl breeders were retained of individual discussions. It was carried out on the production practices and zootechnical performances. It concerned 2020 Guinea fowls whose 1606 females and 414 were observed. The effective per producer was 32.59 ± 2.73 Guinea fowls including 25.90 ± 2.46 females and 6.69 ± 0.48 males. Sexual maturity was reached at 8 months for all sexes. Females laid 98.71 eggs with a career duration of 2 years. The incubation rate was 58.68%, hatching rate 92.76% and weaning rate 89.69%. The constraints to the breeding were the losses of Guinea fowls by wildness, diseases, stealing or predation. Added to this are the lack of labor, the problem of feeding and the lack of technical supervision. The rural Guinea fowl system ensures food security and the socio-economic needs of breeders in sub-prefecture of Baktchoro. The improvement of Guinea fowl breeding conditions in this area would make it possible to supply eggs to other cities, particularly to the N’Djamena city.